Type locality and species identity of Pareuchiloglanis sinensis (Hora & Silas) with a description of a new species of the genus from the upper Yangtze River basin in southern China

The genus Pareuchiloglanis, distributed in the Salween, Mekong, Red, Pearl and Yangtze River basins in China, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam, consists of 20 valid species and 5 uncertain species. This study provided a taxonomic revision to Pareuchiloglanis occurring in the Yangtze River. According to the results of a morphological comparison, the type locality of Pareuchiloglanis sinensis was updated to the Nanpan-jiang (the upper Pearl River) basin; five species were identified in Pareuchiloglanis from the Yangtze River basin. Specimens formerly identified as Pareuchiloglanis sinensis from this basin were described as a new species, Pareuchiloglanis chui sp. nov. Moreover, Pareuchiloglanis tianquanensis was synonymized with Pareuchiloglanis sichuanensis. This study provided a key to these two species and three others (Pareuchiloglanis anteanalis, Pareuchiloglanis hupingshanensis and Pareuchiloglanis robusta) from the Yangtze River basin, including information about their geographical distribution. These findings provide an insight into the evolution, distribution and taxonomy of this genus for future studies.     

The relationship between soil pH and population level of Pratylenchus loosi in tea plantations of Iran

Tea root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus loosi, is one of the most important crop pests in Iran, which causes loss in quantity and quality of tea. This study was carried out to identify the relationship between soil pH and population level of P. loosi. One hundred and eighty-three soil and root samples were taken randomly from all of the tea plantations in Iran. The nematodes were extracted from root samples with Coolen and d’Herd methods and from soil samples by sieving and centrifugation. Soil pH was measured by two methods: 1:1 dilution of soil:deionised water and 1:1 dilution of soil:dilute calcium chloride 0.01?M (Cacl₂) solution. Range of mean population of P. loosi per gram of root was 0.66–884 and per 100?g of soil was 1–186 in all samples. The highest population of P. loosi was observed at pH 3.5–4.5 as if 71.33% of infested samples were observed at soil pH 3.5–4.5. The results of regression analyses showed that at pH ranges between 3.5 and 4.5, there is a correlation (P???0.05) between soil pH and mean population of nematode per gram of feeder roots. This study demonstrated that the population density and damage potential of this nematode likely increases at pH?<?4.5.     

响应面分析法优化当归粗多糖提取工艺

选取岷县当归药材为原料,采用水提醇沉法进行多糖提取,以当归粗多糖得率为指标,探讨加水量、回流提取时间、水提液的浓缩比、醇沉后所达含醇比例对当归多糖得率的影响。在单因素分析的基础上,采用响应面分析法(RSM)确定了当归粗多糖最佳提取条件为:加水量837.6 mL/100 g,浓缩后溶液体积为228.12 mL,最终含乙醇浓度为65.80%,回流提取时间2 h,在此条件下预测当归粗多糖得率理论的最佳值为10.44%,实际验证值为10.40%,两者相符,说明RSM法分析的可靠性。     

低温胁迫后抗寒茶树品种‘紫阳圆叶’的基因差异表达分析

采用DDRT—PCR技术,对低温（4℃）胁迫处理不同时间（0、8、12、24和48h）后茶树[Camellia sinensis（Linn．）O．Ktze．]抗寒品种‘紫阳圆叶’（‘Ziyangyuanye’）叶片中差异表达的基因进行分离和测序,并采用半定量RT-PCR对差异表达基因的表达特性进行了比较。结果表明：有12个引物对扩增出有明显差异的cDNA片段,其中3个片段是与抗寒性相关的差异片段,分别被命名为Csgsf．Cscafl和Cscaf2,碱基数分别为217、316和232bp。比对结果显示：Cscaf与茶树品种‘安吉白茶’（‘Anjibaicha’）和‘龙井43’（‘Longjing43’）的谷氨酰胺合成酶基因的同源性分别为96％和91％,与菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris Linn．）、蒺藜苜蓿（Medicago truncatula Gaertn．）、油棕（ElaeisguineensisJacq．）、西洋参（Panax quinquefolius Linn．）和水稻（Oryza sativa Linn．）等植物的谷氨酰胺合成酶的基因序列同源性均达到90％以上,因此,Cscafl应为茶树谷氨酰胺合成酶基因片段;Cscaf2与干旱胁迫条件下茶树表达的cDNA的同源性为100％,为茶树应答干旱和低温胁迫的基因片段;Cscafl未检索出同源序列,推测其为与冷胁迫相关的未知基因片段。半定量RT—PCR分析结果表明：Cscafl和Cscafl在低温胁迫的初始期即开始表达且表达量随低温胁迫时间延长逐渐下调;而Cscaf2的表达量随低温胁迫时间延长逐渐上调并在胁迫48h后达到最大,3个片段的表达特性均与差异扩增结果相符。     

扬子鳄消化道Ghrelin免疫活性细胞的分布及其在冬眠期的密度变化

目的 研究扬子鳄（Alligator sinensis）消化道中生长素释放肽ghrelin免疫活性（IR）细胞的分布、组织定位及其在冬眠期的变化.方法 应用链霉亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物（SABC）免疫组织化学方法结合生物统计学分析.结果 Ghrelin-IR细胞在扬子鳄的小胃密度最高,在胃贲门部、胃体和胃幽门部有少量分布,主要位于胃腺上皮细胞之间.在食管、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠中均未检测出ghrelin-IR细胞.冬眠期小胃ghrelin-IR细胞显著性减少（P〈0.01）,其它部位无显著性变化（P〉0.05）.结论扬子鳄消化道ghrelin-IR细胞的分布同其它动物有相似之处,也有其一定的特异性.Ghrelin在扬子鳄冬眠期的代谢变化和能量稳态的调节中起重要作用.     

扬子鳄纹状体AChE、SOMmRNA阳性神经元的分布

目的 观察扬子鳄纹状体内乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase,AChE）和生长抑素信使核糖核酸（somatostatin messenger ribonucleic acid,SOMmRNA）阳性神经元的形态和分布.方法 采用亚铁氰化酮法和原位杂交法观察扬子鳄纹状体内AChE和SOMmRNA阳性神经元的分布和特征.结果 扬子鳄纹状体内有AChE和SOMmRNA阳性神经元分布,两种神经元均有大、中、小型细胞,以中、小型细胞为主,神经元胞体呈圆形、椭圆形、三角形、梭形和多角形.结论 扬子鳄纹状体内有AChE和SOMmRNA阳性神经元分布.     

Structure of Ovarian Asterosaponin-1 in the Starfish Asterias amurensis

Cultured crown gall cells of Catharanthus roseus Don (Vinca rosea L.) was found to contain brassinosteroids. These were identified as brassinolide and castasterone by GC/MS. This is the first conclusive identification of endogenous brassinosteroids in cultured cells.     

中国被毛孢分生孢子形成过程显微结构的研究

分生孢子是中国被毛孢(H sinensis)生活史中极为重要的一个环节,其在冬虫夏草侵染和形成过程中有着十分关键的作用.本实验以中国被毛孢纯培养菌种为实验材料,采用显微镜观察了其菌丝体经营养生长产分生孢子过程中显微结构变化,结果表明:中国被毛孢在固体培养条件下,可以形成分生孢子,其形态和产生方式与微循环产孢过程中形成的分生孢子一致,同时,在产孢过程中,还存在瓶梗结构纵裂形成对生分生孢子的现象.     

感染华支睾吸虫大鼠肠道菌群的实验研究

目的 观察华支睾吸虫感染对大鼠肠道菌群的影响.方法 建立华支睾吸虫感染大鼠模型,分别在造模后48 h、18d和35 d,取肠内容物进行乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的培养及定量分析.结果 与对照组相比,在感染后48 h,大鼠肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少(P＜0.05),肠球菌和肠杆菌数量略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在感染后18 d(童虫期),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量进一步减少(P＜0.01),肠杆菌和肠球菌数量明显增加(P＜0.01);在感染后35 d(成虫期),四种肠道菌与童虫期的变化基本一致.结论 华支睾吸虫感染可致大鼠肠道菌群发生失调,其中益生菌减少,致病菌增多,尤以童虫期、成虫期较重.